Friday 31 January 2014

AMERICAN VISIONS EPISODE 2


1. First of all, in a documentary on American art, why do you think Hughes dedicates an entire episode to early American religion?
Religion has always influenced the art. Religion was been an important aspect of America’s past. Along with religion came religious art, which meant new styles and techniques.  
2. Who were the Pilgrims and what is their significance to Hughes in the documentary?
The Pilgrims were the most radical wing of 17th Century English Puritans. All they wanted was a fresh, clean start, & the New World was their best chance. They were simple, & had different concepts. The New World was a blank page; somewhere they could right their designs. All those visions have left indelible traces in the identity of modern Americans.
3. What was their view toward pictures or portraits or religious iconography? Why do you think they felt and acted this way?
It’s a great ill, they have a simple life. It’s a huge superstition to mankind, a thing of the devil. They blind man with man’s art & keep man from having the proper reference of God. They were extreme puritans; they didn’t required religious iconography to feel close to God, on the contraire. I think that the fact that men were the ones that made those images made them uncomfortable. Men are not good enough to pretend they know what God looks like, I suppose.
4. What are some characteristics of adobe building? Why was it used? And how does it relate to our contemporary interest in organic food?
Indian labor, Spanish techniques. The Adobe is dried mud so it’s easy to repair. The whole style is organic; it is “harmless” & “pro-environment”
5. How does a blend of the European and Indigenous fusion of art and images ‘work’, according to Hughes?
Blending the art & images of the European & the Indigenous helped to unite the two “worlds”. Indians were able to keep their culture but also to acquire new culture.
6. How did isolation influence and define the early settler experience in New Mexico?  How do you think it is a metaphor for the entire American experience?
Houses would have their own chapels, plain but reflected the hard life they had. The isolation is the result of a very unique cultural expression. I am not sure how it could be a metaphor. I guess I would say that sometimes we close up and isolate ourselves.
7. How does the documentary paint the Puritans and their sense of destiny?
They thought they were destined to greatness. It was a mythic event. They would build a city on the hills. They have been chosen by God to begin a new face of human history. They were biblical fundamentalists; they were the first to call themselves Americans.
8. How do you think the Puritan vision still reside in Americans today?
These ideals are still the fundaments of Americans way of thinking, because they still believe they are the freer country & it’s their job to free everyone else.    
9. Why do you think, as opposed to Catholic churches and cathedrals, the Puritans chose to keep their places of worship so bare and without decoration?
They never considered the splendorous decorations as something necessary to praise the Lord, just an “eye of God” to remind them he is always watching. They wanted to see things clearly, they never needed anything else.
10. What was the significance of the Puritan gravestones?
Death was important to the Puritans; the gravestones would remind you that this world is only an anteroom to a real and eternal one, that everything was substantial.

11. What was Puritan portraiture primarily for?
A record & commemoration of a person after they were dead, they were also an index to wealth. Money was a sign of Gods approval so they had to show it off.
12. Why do you think the Quakers generally distrusted the arts altogether?
Art was not natural. They didn’t needed anything to represent God’s will.
13. What is the significance of quilting and how has it been preserved over the centuries?
They were made by the wives & daughters of the Amish. They remind modern Americans of their roots. It’s a tradition that has passed over generations and generations.

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